- Nicolaus Copernicus
- Einstein’s Philosophy of Science
- Natural Properties
- Joane Petrizi
- Finitism in Geometry
- Implicature
- Personal Identity
- Anomalous Monism
- Weakness of Will
- Heraclitus
- Transcendentalism
- Carl Schmitt
- Category Theory
- Otto Neurath
- Interpretations of Probability
- Herbert Spencer
- Iamblichus
- Gratitude
- Formalism in the Philosophy of Mathematics
- Fitch’s Paradox of Knowability
- Madeleine de Scudéry
- The Nature of Law
- John Niemeyer Findlay
- Pragmatics
- Moral Non-Naturalism
- Connectionism
- The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
- Normative Theories of Rational Choice: Expected Utility
- Frank Ramsey
- Genetics
- The Epistemic Basing Relation
- Madhyamaka
- Representational Theories of Consciousness
- Translating and Interpreting Chinese Philosophy
- Word Meaning
- Religion and Morality
- Emmanuel Levinas
- Moses Mendelssohn
- God and Other Necessary Beings
- Special Obligations
- The Philosophy of Neuroscience
- Heidegger’s Aesthetics
- Feminist Perspectives on the Body
- Reconciliation
- Ibn ‘Arabî
- The Philosophy of Digital Art
- Second-order and Higher-order Logic
- Implicit Bias
- Japanese Zen Buddhist Philosophy
- Pythagoreanism
- The St. Petersburg Paradox
- Private Language
- Leibniz’s Philosophy of Physics
- Medieval Mereology
- Darwinism
- Perfect Goodness
- Socialism
- Animalism
- Sextus Empiricus
- Henry Sidgwick
- Category Mistakes
- Roderick Chisholm
- Russellian Monism
- Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples
- Disability and Justice
- Quantum Theory and Mathematical Rigor
- Fallacies
- Empathy
- Molecular Biology
- Medieval Theories of Transcendentals
- Theories of Meaning
- Names
- Donald Davidson
- Voting Methods
- Biological Individuals
- Denis Diderot
- Teleological Arguments for God’s Existence
- Experiment in Physics
- Cosmology: Methodological Debates in the 1930s and 1940s
- Darwin: From Origin of Species to Descent of Man
- Evolutionary Thought Before Darwin
- Convention
- Knowledge by Acquaintance vs. Description
- Probability in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
- Intuitionism in the Philosophy of Mathematics
- Epistemic Logic
- The Consistent Histories Approach to Quantum Mechanics
- Theological Voluntarism
- Retrocausality in Quantum Mechanics
- Consequentialism
- Philosophical Aspects of Multi-Modal Logic
- Philosophy of Macroevolution
- Belief
- Ramsey and Intergenerational Welfare Economics
- Analytic Philosophy in Early Modern India
- Neo-Daoism
- The Language of Thought Hypothesis
- Niccolò Machiavelli
- Feminist Ethics
- The Social Dimensions of Scientific Knowledge
- The Natural Law Tradition in Ethics
- Linear Logic
- Dietrich of Freiberg
- Metaphysics in Chinese Philosophy
- Hilbert’s Program
- Phenomenological Approaches to Self-Consciousness
- Logical Constructions
- Church’s Type Theory
- Actualism and Possibilism in Ethics
- The Hole Argument
- Philip the Chancellor
- Moral Skepticism
- Structured Propositions
- Human Enhancement
- Epiphenomenalism
- Richard Mervyn Hare
- The Experience and Perception of Time
- Cancer
- The Epsilon Calculus
- Robert Grosseteste
- Freedom of Association
- Quantum Gravity
- Other Minds
- Jacques Maritain
- Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
- Recognition
- Law and Ideology
- Omnipresence
- Non-monotonic Logic
- David Hume
- Al-Farabi’s Philosophy of Logic and Language
- Qing Philosophy
- Literary Forms of Medieval Philosophy
- Moral Character
- Spinoza’s Political Philosophy
- Treating Persons as Means
- Transcendental Arguments
- Needs in Moral and Political Philosophy
- Human Rights
- Herbert Marcuse
- Environmental Aesthetics
- Social Institutions
- The Kyoto School
- Natural Philosophy in the Renaissance
- Human/Non-Human Chimeras
- Japanese Philosophy
- Original Position
- Girolamo [Geronimo] Cardano
- The Nonidentity Problem
- Prisoner’s Dilemma
- Chinese Philosophy of Change (Yijing)
- Suhrawardi
- The Historical Controversies Surrounding Innateness
- Richard FitzRalph
- Principia Mathematica
- Logic and Probability
- Mally’s Deontic Logic
- Nelson Goodman
- School of Salamanca
- Behaviorism
- Civic Humanism
- Nonexistent Objects
- Zombies
- Frantz Fanon
- Bell’s Theorem
- Death
- Eliminative Materialism
- Hobbes’ Philosophy of Science
- Game Theory
- Aristotle on Causality
- Aristotle on Non-contradiction
- Yeshayahu Leibowitz
- William of Ockham
- Logics for Analyzing Games
- Existentialist Aesthetics
- Ernst Mach
- Thomas of Erfurt
- Chan Buddhism
- Justus Lipsius
- Indispensability Arguments in the Philosophy of Mathematics
- Teleological Notions in Biology
- Scientific Reduction
- Singularities and Black Holes
- Alexius Meinong
- Quantum Entanglement and Information
- Logical Consequence
- Mental Disorder (Illness)
- Reference
- Imprecise Probabilities
- Descartes’ Epistemology
- Buddha
- Medieval Theories: Properties of Terms
- Propositional Attitude Reports
- Willard Van Orman Quine
- Epistemology in Classical Indian Philosophy
- Truthmakers
- Set Theory: Constructive and Intuitionistic ZF
- Set Theory
- The Principle of Beneficence in Applied Ethics
- Locke on Personal Identity
- Quotation
- Intentionality
- Ontological Arguments
- Mulla Sadra
- Franz Brentano
- Carl Stumpf
- Alfred Tarski
- Pragmatism
- Elijah Delmedigo
- Franz Rosenzweig
- Aesthetic Judgment
- Jeremy Bentham
- Analogy and Analogical Reasoning
- Propositional Dynamic Logic
- Afterlife
- Anton Marty
- Counterfactuals
- Philosophy of Chemistry
- Informed Consent
- Philodemus
- Joseph Kaspi
- Egoism
- Naturalistic Approaches to Social Construction
- Logical Pluralism
- Peter Frederick Strawson
- Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Value
- Philosophy of Religion
- Catharine Trotter Cockburn
- Automated Reasoning
- Doctrine of Double Effect
- Ethics of Stem Cell Research
- Medieval Theories of Relations
- Leibniz’s Influence on 19th Century Logic
- The Logic of Mass Expressions
- Children’s Rights
- Diagrams
- Latinx Philosophy
- Hermann von Helmholtz
- Latin American Feminism
- Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy
- Plato’s Shorter Ethical Works
- Bernard Bolzano
- First-order Model Theory
- Monism
- Ancient Political Philosophy
- Saint Augustine
- Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
- Fatalism
- Japanese Aesthetics
- Reproducibility of Scientific Results
- Bounded Rationality
- Medieval Theories of Practical Reason
- The Philosophy of Childhood
- Brentano’s Theory of Judgement
- Bernardino Telesio
- The Emergence of First-Order Logic
- Legalism in Chinese Philosophy
- Inheritance Systems
- Condemnation of 1277
- Sidney Hook
- Information Technology and Moral Values
- Reid on Memory and Personal Identity
- Domination
- Fictional Entities
- Logic and Language in Early Chinese Philosophy
- Globalization
- Robert Boyle
- Kant and Hume on Causality
- Philosophy of Money and Finance
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Hermann Lotze
- Instrumental Rationality
- Arabic and Islamic Natural Philosophy and Natural Science
- Logic and Artificial Intelligence
- John Dewey
- Thomas Kuhn
- Modesty and Humility
- John Philoponus
- Everett’s Relative-State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics
- Pyrrho
- Godfrey of Fontaines
- Terrorism
- Abraham Ibn Ezra
- Pluralist Theories of Truth
- Timon of Phlius
- Max Scheler
- Diodorus Cronus
- Lucretius
- Quantifiers and Quantification
- Pythagoras
- Herbert Feigl
- Feminist Political Philosophy
- Mohist Canons
- Intellectual Property
- Mental Causation
- The Neuroscience of Consciousness
- Analytic Philosophy in Latin America
- Imagination
- Philosophy of Education
- Emotion
- Replication and Reproduction
- Erotic Art
- Turing Machines
- Social Norms
- Heinrich Rickert
- Cognitive Science
- Jean François Lyotard
- Descartes’ Life and Works
- Corruption
- Laozi
- Creationism
- Tense and Aspect
- Hans-Georg Gadamer
- Byzantine Philosophy
- Pacifism
- Chinese Ethics
- Spinoza’s Modal Metaphysics
- Moral Vegetarianism
- The Epistemic Condition for Moral Responsibility
- Modal Logic
- Logical Truth
- Philosophy of Technology
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Personal Relationship Goods
- Alfred Jules Ayer
- Libertarianism
- Intuitionistic Logic
- Locke on Real Essence
- Philosophy of Economics
- The Incommensurability of Scientific Theories
- Civic Education
- Tiantai Buddhism
- Impossible Worlds
- Bernard Williams
- Alienation
- Political Representation
- Heinrich Scholz
- Contradiction
- Moral Reasoning
- Basil [Cardinal] Bessarion
- Independence Friendly Logic
- Plato’s Cratylus
- Intersections Between Analytic and Continental Feminism
- Samuel Clarke
- The Concept of Evil
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Mill’s Moral and Political Philosophy
- Hume’s Moral Philosophy
- 18th Century British Aesthetics
- Tarski’s Truth Definitions
- Adolf Reinach
- Ibn Rushd’s Natural Philosophy
- Relative Identity
- Philippa Foot
- Harriet Taylor Mill
- Blame
- Truth
- Ibn Sina’s Logic
- The Definition of Art
- Intention
- Proof Theory
- The Frege-Hilbert Controversy
- George Santayana
- Peter Abelard
- Karl Popper
- Causal Models
- Theories of Criminal Law
- Kūkai
- Giambattista Vico
- Prophecy
- Mysticism
- Jean Bodin
- Monotheism
- Dewey’s Political Philosophy
- Pierre Duhem
- Ernst Mally
- Feminist Social Epistemology
- Fictionalism in the Philosophy of Mathematics
- Critical Thinking
- Fundamentality
- Conventionality of Simultaneity
- Functionalism
- Infinite Regress Arguments
- Ancient Skepticism
- Risk
- Artifact
- Type Theory
- Prediction versus Accommodation
- Dewey’s Moral Philosophy
- Free Logic
- Wesley Salmon
- Dante Alighieri
- Artificial Intelligence
- The Ethics of Cultural Heritage
- Epistemology in Latin America
- The Mathematics of Boolean Algebra
- Jacques Lacan
- Plato’s Myths
- Xunzi
- Sex and Sexuality
- John Buridan
- The Problem of Dirty Hands
- Moral Arguments for the Existence of God
- Moral Cognitivism vs. Non-Cognitivism
- Feminist Philosophy
- Transmission of Justification and Warrant
- The Coherence Theory of Truth
- Frege’s Theorem and Foundations for Arithmetic
- Walter Chatton
- Dispositions
- Experimental Moral Philosophy
- Dialetheism
- Moral Dilemmas
- Aristotle’s Ethics
- Robert Nozick’s Political Philosophy
- Schopenhauer’s Aesthetics
- Tropes
- Nāgārjuna
- Federalism
- Scientific Discovery
- Republicanism
- Abhidharma
- Giordano Bruno
- Moral Naturalism
- Logic and Information
- Constructive Mathematics
- Identity
- Skepticism and Content Externalism
- Jane Addams
- Medieval Theories of the Emotions
- Négritude
- Michel Foucault
- Quine’s New Foundations
- Olympiodorus
- David
- Neo-Kantianism
- Experiment in Biology
- Arabic and Islamic Metaphysics
- Marin Mersenne
- Personalism
- Climate Science
- Isaac Israeli
- Auguste Comte
- Realism and Theory Change in Science
- Hannah Arendt
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
- Cultural Evolution
- Hobbes’s Moral and Political Philosophy
- The Literal-Nonliteral Distinction in Classical Indian Philosophy
- Non-wellfounded Set Theory
- Medieval Theories of Causation
- Defaults in Semantics and Pragmatics
- Contractualism
- George Boole
- Origen
- Jacques Derrida
- Epicurus
- Color
- Géraud de Cordemoy
- Donald Cary Williams
- Al-Kindi
- Stoicism
- Affirmative Action
- Antiochus of Ascalon
- Vagueness
- Descriptions
- Epistemology in Chinese Philosophy
- Process Theism
- Latin American Philosophy
- The Ethics of Manipulation
- Kant’s Critique of Metaphysics
- Kant and Hume on Morality
- Justice and Bad Luck
- Sorites Paradox
- Time Travel
- Eternity in Christian Thought
- Feminist Philosophy of Religion
- The Problem of Induction
- The Lambda Calculus
- Social Ontology
- Inductive Logic
- Spinoza’s Theory of Attributes
- Explanation in Mathematics
- Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God
- Śāntarakṣita
- Location and Mereology
- Classical Logic
- Simone Weil
- Probabilistic Causation
- The Value of Knowledge
- Categories
- Early Philosophical Interpretations of General Relativity
- Questions
- The Ethics of Belief
- Kant’s Transcendental Arguments
- Radulphus Brito
- Public Justification
- Aristotelianism in the Renaissance
- Alfred Schutz
- Philosophy for Children
- The Common Good
- Ibn Kammuna
- Disagreement
- Substructural Logics
- Respect
- Joseph Butler’s Moral Philosophy
- Gelukpa [dge lugs pa]
- Computing and Moral Responsibility
- Personal Autonomy
- Gilles Deleuze
- Giacomo Zabarella
- Japanese Confucian Philosophy
- Louis Althusser
- Karl Leonhard Reinhold
- Francis Herbert Bradley’s Moral and Political Philosophy
- Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe
- Simon of Faversham
- John Austin
- Redistribution
- Value Pluralism
- Robert Desgabets
- Antoine Le Grand
- The Kochen-Specker Theorem
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte
- Socrates
- Philo of Alexandria
- Levels of Organization in Biology
- Plato on utopia
- Lucrezia Marinella
- Śrīharṣa
- Proof-Theoretic Semantics
- Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Mathematics
- Leibniz’s Influence on Kant
- Delusion
- Propositions
- Xenophanes
- Liberalism
- Presentism
- William Heytesbury
- Georg [György] Lukács
- Privacy
- Platonism in the Philosophy of Mathematics
- Axiomatic Theories of Truth
- Skepticism About Moral Responsibility
- Ibn Bâjja [Avempace]
- Sociobiology
- Descartes’ Modal Metaphysics
- The Normativity of Meaning and Content
- Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Properties
- Supervenience
- The Grounds of Moral Status
- Possible Objects
- Samuel Alexander
- Aristotle’s Natural Philosophy
- Marcus Aurelius
- Constitutionalism
- Experimental Philosophy
- Conceptual Art
- Qualia
- Plato’s Timaeus
- Perfectionism in Moral and Political Philosophy
- Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking
- Wittgenstein’s Logical Atomism
- Religious Experience
- Plato’s Ethics: An Overview
- Pierre Bayle
- Sakya Paṇḍita [sa skya paṇ ḍi ta]
- John Anderson
- Nicolas Malebranche
- Scientific Revolutions
- Greek Sources in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy
- Max Weber
- José Ortega y Gasset
- Moral Psychology: Empirical Approaches
- Karl Jaspers
- Preferences
- Mary Shepherd
- The Church-Turing Thesis
- Bruno Bauer
- Ammonius
- Søren Kierkegaard
- Creation and Conservation
- The Development of Intuitionistic Logic
- Facts
- Transworld Identity
- Pietro Pomponazzi
- Aristotle’s Political Theory
- Continental Rationalism
- Legal Rights
- Logicism and Neologicism
- Bradley’s Regress
- Kant’s Account of Reason
- The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument in Quantum Theory
- The Medieval Problem of Universals
- Epistemic Self-Doubt
- Naturalism in Classical Indian Philosophy
- Situations in Natural Language Semantics
- Process Philosophy
- Object
- Feminist Perspectives on Sex and Gender
- Feminist Philosophy of Law
- Public Reason
- Kant’s Theory of Judgment
- John Locke
- Logic of Belief Revision
- William James
- Justice and Access to Health Care
- Zeno’s Paradoxes
- The Concept of the Aesthetic
- Loyalty
- Moritz Schlick
- Underdetermination of Scientific Theory
- The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction
- Molyneux’s Problem
- Cosmological Argument
- Logic and Ontology
- Henri Poincaré
- Paul Grice
- Japanese Pure Land Philosophy
- Anarchism
- Croce’s Aesthetics
- Ancient and Medieval Empicism
- Desiderius Erasmus
- Descriptive Decision Theory
- Distributive Justice
- Philosophy of Cosmology
- Locke’s Philosophy of Science
- Moral Particularism
- Scottish Philosophy in the 18th Century
- William Whewell
- Étienne Bonnot de Condillac
- Thomas Paine
- Arguments for Incompatibilism
- Medieval Theories of Analogy
- W.E.B. Du Bois
- Innateness and Contemporary Theories of Cognition
- Alternative Axiomatic Set Theories
- Plato’s Ethics and Politics in The Republic
- Markets
- Epistemic Paradoxes
- Mental Representation in Medieval Philosophy
- Leibniz on Causation
- Carl Hempel
- Curry’s Paradox
- Well-Being
- James Ward
- Marsilio Ficino
- Attention
- Pascal’s Wager
- Nothingness
- Callicles and Thrasymachus
- Self-Reference
- Max Horkheimer
- Colonialism
- Species
- Nicole Oresme
- Evolution
- Johann Gottfried von Herder
- The Moral Status of Animals
- Descartes’ Physics
- Cellular Automata
- Commentators on Aristotle
- Fine-Tuning
- Being and Becoming in Modern Physics
- Feminist Philosophy of Language
- Revolution
- Inconsistent Mathematics
- Reasons for Action: Internal vs. External
- Latin American Philosophy: Metaphilosophical Foundations
- The Unity of Science
- Feminist Metaphysics
- Love
- Cognitive Disability and Moral Status
- Isaac Polqar
- Mathematical Style
- Goodman’s Aesthetics
- Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher
- Friendship
- Insolubles
- Publicity
- Algebra
- Religious Language
- Atheism and Agnosticism
- Logics for Analyzing Power in Normal Form Games
- Plato
- Epistemology of Geometry
- Descartes’ Ethics
- Suicide
- Theoretical Terms in Science
- Legal Punishment
- Fuzzy Logic
- Panpsychism
- Citizenship
- The Economic Analysis of Law
- Cloning
- Self-Consciousness
- Toleration
- The Philosophy of Music
- Reasons for Action: Agent-Neutral vs. Agent-Relative
- Tsongkhapa
- Johann Georg Hamann
- Rationalism vs. Empiricism
- Paraconsistent Logic
- Material Constitution
- Phenomenological Approaches to Ethics and Information Technology
- Bertrand Russell
- Temporal Consciousness
- Externalism and Self-Knowledge
- Medieval Skepticism
- Voluntary Euthanasia
- Justice
- Constructivism in Metaethics
- Secession
- Omnipotence
- Albert the Great